Everything about The Sayan Mountains totally explained
The
Sayan Mountains (
Sayany;
Kokmen Mountains during the period of the
Göktürks) are a
mountain range in southern
Siberia,
Russia.
The Eastern Sayan extends 1000 km from the
Yenisey River at 92° E to the southwest end of
Lake Baikal at 106° E. The Western Sayan forms the eastern continuation of the
Altay Mountains, stretching for 500 km from 89° E to the middle of the Eastern Sayan at 96° E.
The Sayan Mountains' towering peaks and cool lakes southwest of Tuva give rise to the tributaries that merge to become one of Siberia's major rivers, the Yenisei River, which flows north over 2000 miles to the Arctic Ocean. This is a protected and isolated area, having been kept closed by the Soviet Union since 1944.
Geography
While the general elevation is 2000 to 2700 m, some of the individual peaks, consisting largely of
granites and
metamorphic slates, reach altitudes of over 3000 m, with the highest being
Munku-Sardyk at 3492 m. The principal
mountain passes lie 1800 to 2300 m above the sea, for example Muztagh pass at 2280 m, Mongol pass at 1980 m, Tenghyz pass at 2280 m and Obo-sarym pass at 1860 m.
At 92°E the system (the Western Sayan) is pierced by the Ulug-Khem or Upper
Yenisei River, and at 106°, at its eastern extremity, it terminates above the depression of the
Selenga-
Orkhon Valley. From the
Mongolian plateau the ascent is on the whole gentle, but from the plains of Siberia it's much steeper, despite the fact that the range is masked by a broad belt of subsidiary ranges of an Alpine character, for example the
Usinsk,
Oya,
Tunka,
Kitoi and
Belaya ranges.
Between the breach of the Yenisei and
Lake Khövsgöl at 100° 30' E. the system bears also the name of Yerghik-taiga. The flora is on the whole poor, although the higher regions carry good forests of
larch,
pine,
juniper,
birch, and
alder, with
rhododendrons and species of
Berberis and
Ribes. Lichens and mosses clothe many of the boulders that are scattered over the upper slopes.
Further Information
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